Digital Public Infrastructure and the Inclusion Gap

Introduction

As African nations rapidly develop digital public infrastructure (DPI) systems—from digital identity to payment platforms—critical questions emerge about who benefits and who is left behind. This article examines the inclusion gap in Africa's emerging digital systems and argues for openness as a fundamental principle.

The Promise of Digital Public Infrastructure

Digital public infrastructure has the potential to transform service delivery, increase efficiency, and expand access to essential services. Countries like Kenya, Nigeria, and Ghana have made significant investments in DPI systems.

The Inclusion Challenge

Despite the promise, significant gaps remain:

Access Barriers

• Limited internet connectivity in rural areas
• High costs of digital devices
• Low digital literacy levels
• Language barriers

Design Challenges

• Systems not designed for diverse user needs
• Lack of accessibility features
• Complex user interfaces
• Insufficient offline capabilities

Why Openness Matters

Open digital public infrastructure offers several advantages:

1. Transparency: Citizens can understand how systems work
2. Interoperability: Systems can work together seamlessly
3. Innovation: Open standards enable local innovation
4. Accountability: Open systems are easier to audit and improve
5. Inclusion: Open design processes can incorporate diverse voices

Case Studies

Kenya's Huduma Namba

An examination of Kenya's national digital identity system, its successes, and challenges in reaching all citizens.

Nigeria's NIN

Analysis of Nigeria's National Identification Number system and its inclusion efforts.

Recommendations

1. Adopt open standards and protocols
2. Ensure diverse stakeholder participation in design
3. Invest in digital literacy programs
4. Design for offline-first capabilities
5. Regular inclusion audits and assessments

Conclusion

The inclusion gap in Africa's digital public infrastructure is not inevitable. By prioritizing openness, transparency, and inclusive design, African nations can build digital systems that truly serve all citizens. The future of digital governance in Africa depends on making these principles central to infrastructure development.